Ballot Measure Hub

In the hub, you’ll find our expert analysis of progressive ballot measures that BISC is tracking, legal challenges, trends, attacks, threats, our research, features on trailblazing campaign leaders, and the exciting progress being made to advance democracy and
liberation via ballot measures.

For more information on the hub or for media requests, please contact [email protected]

Ballot Measure-o-meter

The Hot Sheet

Find quick analysis on what you need to know about the ballot measure landscape right now.

Trends Watcher

Stay on top of the ballot measure trends we're watching across the nation.

Voter Attitudes Research

Explore BISC's unique research on voter attitudes toward ballot initiatives and key issue areas.

Attacks + Threats

Map the current attacks and threats on direct democracy that BISC is tracking.

BISC Report: Attacks on the Ballot Measure Process

Learn about how the erosion of direct democracy is unfolding in practice.

Progress by Ballot Measure

See the progress ballot measures are making to advance democracy.

Defending the Will of the People: A BISC Case Study

Examine the implementation challenges advocates are facing in Missouri and Nebraska — and what it means for the future of direct democracy.

2026 Election Results Tracker

State	Measure Number	Ballot Measure Title	Type	Issue Area	Stance	Yes	No	Results
AK	Ballot Measure 2	Repeal the open primary and ranked choice general elections	ISI	Democracy	Neutral	48.10%	51.90%	TOO EARLY TO TELL
AK	Ballot Measure 3	Citizenship Requirement for Voting Initiative	ISI	Democracy	Oppose	69.60%	30.40%	PASSED
AL	Statewide Constitutional Amendment 1	Elections for Lieutenant Governor Vacancies and Legislative Authority Over Salaries Amendment	LRCA	Democracy	Neutral	65.40%	34.60%	PASSED
AL	Statewide Constitutional Amendment 2	School District Consolidation Process Amendment	LRCA	Education	Neutral	50.92%	49.08%	PASSED
AL	Statewide Constitutional Amendment 3	Pledge & Prayer Amendment	LRCA	Education	Oppose	62.60%	37.40%	PASSED
AL	Statewide Constitutional Amendment 4	Star-Spangled Banner Amendment	LRCA	Education	Neutral	58.60%	41.40%	PASSED
AR	Issue 1	The Citizens Only Voting Amendment	LRCA	Democracy	Oppose	69.07%	30.93%	PASSED
AR	Issue 2	Protect the Right to Keep and Bear Arms	LRCA	Civil Rights	Oppose	70.79%	29.21%	PASSED
AR	Issue 3	Creation of Economic Development Districts	LRCA	Fiscal Policy	Neutral	49.31%	50.69%	FAILED
AR	Issue 4	Natural Resources Commission Bond	LRSS	Fiscal Policy	Neutral	56.40%	43.60%	PASSED
AZ	Prop. 141	Prohibit Taxes or Fees on Miles Traveled in Motor Vehicle	LRCA	Fiscal Policy	Neutral	51%	49.00%	PASSED
AZ	Prop. 142	Prohibit Government Organizations and Mandatory Support for Discrimination or Preferential Treatment Amendment	LRCA	Civil Rights	Oppose	40.07%	59.93%	FAILED
AZ	Prop. 144	Voter Identification and Citizenship Voting Requirements Amendment	LRCA	Democracy	Oppose	46.9	53.1	FAILED
AZ	Prop. 316	Municipal Transaction Privilege Tax on Sale of Food Items	LRSS	Fiscal Policy	Support	61.38%	38.62%	PASSED
AZ	Prop. 317	Declare Drug Cartels are Terrorist Organizations	LRSS	Criminal Legal	Oppose	57.03%	42.97%	PASSED
AZ	Prop. 318	Require Schools Grant Access to Athletic Private Spaces Based on Sex	LRSS	Civil Rights	Oppose	58.90%	41.10%	PASSED
AZ	Prop. 319	Prohibit Use of Photo Traffic Enforcement Systems	LRSS	Civil Rights	Support	61.05%	38.95.%	PASSED
AZ	Prop. 320	Allocate 60% of School District Salaries for Direct Instructional Expenses	LRSS	Education	Oppose	48.1	51.9	FAILED
CA	Prop. 1	The Veterans and Affordable Housing Bond Act of 2026	Bond Issue	Fiscal Policy	Support	59.40%	40.60%	PASSED
CA	Prop. 2	Save for Californian's Future Act	LRCA	Fiscal Policy	Neutral	59.60%	40%	PASSED
CA	Prop. 3	The California Children’s Education and Health Care Protection Act of 2026	Statutory Initiative	Fiscal Policy	Support	58.70%	41.30%	PASSED
CA	Prop. 4	California Fair Elections Act of 2026	Bond Issue	Democracy	Support	48.10%	51.90%	FAILED
CA	Prop. 5	Eliminate Successor Election at a State Officer Recall Election	LRSS	Democracy	Support	50.30%	49.70%	PASSED
CA	Prop. 37	California Homeownership Loan Program and Single-Family Home Construction Initiative	Statutory Initiative	Economic Justice/Labor	Support	61.00%	39.00%	PASSED
CA	Prop. 38	Establish Immunology and Immunotherapy Research Institute Initiative	Statutory Initiative	Healthcare	Neutral	55.70%	44.30%	PASSED
CA	Prop. 39	CA Voter ID Initiative	Constitutional Amendment	Democracy	Oppose	41.40%	58.60%	FAILED
CA	Prop. 40	The California Billionaire Tax Act	Statutory Initiative	Fiscal Policy	Support	44.40%	55.60%	FAILED
CA	Prop. 41	Revenue Use Requirements for New Special Taxes Amendment	Constitutional Amendment	Fiscal Policy	Oppose	47.60%	52.40%	FAILED
CA	Prop. 42	Prohibit Taxes on Retirement Holdings and Personal Savings Amendment	Constitutional Amendment	Fiscal Policy	Oppose	54.3.%	45.70%	PASSED
CA	Prop. 43	Two-Thirds Vote Requirement for Local Special Tax Initiatives and Property Tax Initiative Prohibition Amendment	LRCA	Fiscal Policy	Oppose	45.10%	54.90%	FAILED
CA	Prop. 44	Require Transparency in Health Clinic Funding and Regulate Use of Profits Initiative	Statutory Initiative	Fiscal Policy	Neutral	18.2.%	81.80%	FAILED
CA	Prop. 45	Change Environmental Review Process for Essential Projects Initiative	Statutory Initiative	Economic Justice/Labor	Oppose	45.90%	54.10%	FAILED
CO	Amendment 81	Law Enforcement Reporting to ICE	Constitutional Amendment	Criminal Legal	Oppose	45.24%	54.76%	FAILED
CO	Amendment 82	Right to Natural Gas	Constitutional Amendment	Other	Oppose	46.55%	53.45%	FAILED
CO	Amendment 83	Constitutional Right to Hunt and Fish	Constitutional Amendment	Civil Rights	Neutral	45.29%	54.71%	FAILED
CO	Amendment 84	Mail Ballot Voter Identification	Constitutional Amendment	Democracy	Oppose	36.98%	63.02%	FAILED
CO	Amendment 85	Plain Language Ballot Questions	Constitutional Amendment	Direct Democracy	Oppose	51.14%	48.86%	PASSED
CO	Amendment 86	Congressional Redistricting	Constitutional Amendment	Democracy	Oppose	46.94%	53.06%	FAILED
CO	Amendment 87	Income Tax Fairness Act	Constitutional Amendment	Fiscal Policy	Support	50.59%	49.41%	PASSED
CO	Prop. NN	TABOR Revenue Cap Increase for K-12 Education Measure	LRSS	Fiscal Policy	Support	55.67%	44.33%	PASSED
CO	Prop. 132	Penalties for Fentanyl Crimes	Statutory Initiative	Criminal Legal	Oppose	52.70%	47.30%	PASSED
CO	Prop. 133	Penalties for Human Trafficking of a Minor	Statutory Initiative	Criminal Legal	Oppose	61.84%	38.16%	PASSED
CO	Prop. 134	Anti-Trans Sports Ban	Statutory Initiative	Civil Rights	Oppose	52.37%	47.63%	PASSED
CO	Prop. 135	Gender-Affirming Care Ban	Statutory Initiative	Civil Rights	Oppose	51.87%	48.13%	PASSED
CO	Prop. 136	Income Tax Rate Cap	Statutory Initiative	Fiscal Policy	Oppose	47.34%	52.66%	FAILED
CO	Prop. 137	Designate Sporting Goods Sales Tax Revenue for Conservation	Statutory Initiative	Environment	Neutral	50.32%	49.68%	PASSED
FL	Amendment 1	Changes to Budget Stabilization Fund Amendment	LRCA	Fiscal Policy	Oppose	40.90%	59.10%	FAILED
FL	Amendment 2	Exemption of Tangible Personal Property on Agricultural Land from Taxation	LRCA	Fiscal Policy	Oppose	58.20%	41.80%	FAILED
FL	Amendment 3	Increased Homestead Exemption; Lower Cap on Increases in Non-Homestead Property Assessments	LRCA	Fiscal Policy	Oppose	62%	38%	PASSED
GA	Amendment 1	Increase Acre Limit for Agriculture and Timber Conservation Use Property Tax Classification Amendment	LRCA	Fiscal Policy	Neutral	53.85%	46.15%	PASSED
GA	Amendment 2	Require Nonpartisan Elections for Probate Judges Amendment	LRCA	Democracy	Neutral	68.36%	31.64%	PASSED
GA	Amendment 3	Authorize Creation of Next Generation 9-1-1 Fund Amendment	LRCA	Fiscal Policy	Neutral	77.73%	22.27%	PASSED
HI	Question 1	Increase Time for Senate to Act on Judicial Appointments Amendment	LRCA	Democracy	Support	61.36%	38.64%	PASSED
HI	Question 2	Authorize Resilient Infrastructure for Shelter and Equity (RISE) Bonds Amendment	Bond Issue	Fiscal Policy	Neutral	67.29%	32.71%	PASSED
IA	Amendment 1	Two-Thirds Legislative Vote Requirement for Income Tax Increase Bills Amendment	LRCA	Fiscal Policy	Neutral	56.25%	43.75%	PASSED
ID	Prop. 1	Reproductive Freedom and Privacy Act	Statutory Initiative	Reproductive Rights	Support	44.00%	56.00%	FAILED
ID	House Joint Resolution 4	Subject Restrictions on Citizen Initiatives	LRCA	Direct Democracy	Oppose	33.80%	66.20%	FAILED
ID	House Joint Resolution 6	English as Official State Language	LRCA	Democracy	Neutral	63.20%	36.00%	PASSED
ID	House Bill 932	Official State Gun Question	Advisory Question	Other	Neutral	31.00%	69%	PASSED
IN	Public Question 1	Constitutional Amendment Restricting Access to Bail	LRCA	Criminal Legal	Neutral	58.30%	41.70%	PASSED
IN	Public Question 2	Residency Requirements for City and Town Court Judges Amendment	LRCA	Democracy	Neutral	62.50%	37.50%	PASSED
KS	HCR 5004	Voter Eligibility Constitutional Amendment	LRCA	Democracy	Oppose	63.70%	36.30%	PASSED
KY	Senate Bill 10	Limit Governor's Pardon Power and Commutations Near General Election Amendment	LRCA	Democracy	Neutral	71.00%	29.00%	PASSED
LA	Constitutional Amendment 1	One-Time Transfer of Disabled Veteran Homestead Tax Exemption for Surviving Spouses Amendment	LRCA	Fiscal Policy	Oppose	74.00%	26%	FAILED
LA	Constitutional Amendment 2	Property Tax Rate Limits Based on Existing Voter-Approved Maximums	LRCA	Fiscal Policy	Oppose	42.00%	58.00%	PASSED
LA	Constitutional Amendment 3	Prohibit Post-Conviction Bail for Individuals Convicted of Assault Against Minors Amendment	LRCA	Criminal Legal	Oppose	68.00%	32.00%	PASSED
LA	Constitutional Amendment 4	Gubernatorial Two-Term Lifetime Limit Amendment	LRCA	Democracy	Oppose	56.00%	44.00%	PASSED
LA	Constitutional Amendment 5	Remove Payment Order Requirement for State Retirement System Unfunded Liability Amendment	LRCA	Fiscal Policy	Oppose	38.00%	62.00%	FAILED
LA	Constitutional Amendment 6	Property Tax Exemption for Seniors Amendment	LRCA	Fiscal Policy	Oppose	64.00%	36.00%	PASSED
LA	Constitutional Amendment 7	Use Public Funds for Drinking Water Utility Service Lines Amendment	LRCA	Environment	Oppose	65.00%	35.00%	PASSED
LA	Constitutional Amendment 8	Prohibit Expropriation of Property from Foreign Adversaries Amendment	LRCA	Democracy	Oppose	62.00%	38.00%	PASSED
LA	Constitutional Amendment 9	Raise Income Limit to $150,000 for Special Property Tax Assessment	LRCA	Fiscal Policy	Oppose	58.00%	42.00%	PASSED
LA	Constitutional Amendment 10	Tax Exemption for Rehabilitated Property Amendment	LRCA	Fiscal Policy	Oppose	47.00%	53.00%	FAILED
MA	Question 1	Law to Improve Access to Public Records	ISI	Democracy	Support	86.00%	14.00%	PASSED
MA	Question 2	Right to Unionize for Public Defenders	ISI	Economic Justice/Labor	Support	64.20%	35.80%	PASSED
MA	Question 3	Top-Two Primary Elections	ISI	Democracy	Oppose	38.80%	61.20%	FAILED
MA	Question 4	Permit Election Day Voter Registration	ISI	Democracy	Support	56.60%	43.40%	PASSED
MA	Question 5	Revenue Cap Ballot Initiative	ISI	Fiscal Policy	Oppose	47.90%	52.10%	FAILED
MA	Question 6	Law to Protect Water & Nature	ISI	Environment	Support	60.90%	39.10%	PASSED
MA	Question 8	Alter Marijuana Regulation Laws Initiative	ISI	Criminal Legal	Oppose	24.30%	75.70%	FAILED
MA	Question 9	Firearms Regulation Referendum	Constitutional Referendum	Criminal Legal	Support	67.10%	32.90%	PASSED
MD	State Question 1	Arbitration Reform for State Employees	LRCA	Economic Justice/Labor	Support	74.80%	25%	PASSED
MD	State Question 2	Temporary Appointments on the Commission on Judicial Disabilities	LRCA	Democracy	Support	66.80%	33.20%	PASSED
MD	State Question 3	Provide That Nothing in State Constitution Establishes Criteria for Congressional Redistricting Amendment	LRCA	Democracy	Support	60.80%	39.20%	PASSED
MI	Proposal 1	Constitutional Convention Question	Constitutional Amendment	Democracy	Oppose	24.40%	75.60%	FAILED
MI	Proposal 2	Money Out of Politics Initiative	Constitutional Convention Question	Democracy	Support	75.70%	24.30%	PASSED
MN	Constitutional Amendment 1	Minnesota Permanent School Fund Constitutional Amendment	LRCA	Fiscal Policy	Support	72.90%	27.10%	PASSED
MO	Amendment 3	Near-Total Ban on Abortion and Ban on Gender-Affirming Care for Minors	LRCA	Reproductive Rights	Oppose	44.51%	55.48%	FAILED
MO	Amendment 6	Initiative to Defend Direct Democracy	Constitutional Amendment	Direct Democracy	Support	59.96%	40.03%	PASSED
MO	Amendment 7	Creation of Show-Me Prosperity Investment Fund for State Tax Reduction and Elimination Amendment	LRCA	Fiscal Policy	Oppose	60.54%	39.45%	FAILED
MO	Amendment 8	Require Election of County Sheriffs Amendment	LRCA	Democracy	Oppose	50.98%	49.01%	PASSED
MO	Proposition A	Congressional Map Referendum	Constitutional Referendum	Democracy	Oppose	38.15%	61.84%	FAILED
MT	CI-132	Require Nonpartisan Judicial Elections Initiative	Constitutional Amendment	Democracy	Support	68.70%	31.20%	PASSED
MT	CI-133	Add Right to Initiative and Referendum Power to Declaration of Rights Amendment	Constitutional Amendment	Direct Democracy	Support	65.60%	34.40%	PASSED
MT	I-194	Exclude Political Spending from Artificial Persons’ Charter Powers Initiative	Statutory Initiative	Other	Support	65.90%	34.10%	PASSED
NC	Senate Bill 921	Voter Identification	LRCA	Democracy	Oppose	59.60%	40.40%	PASSED
NC	House Bill 1089	Property Tax Levy Limit Amendment	LRCA	Fiscal Policy	Oppose	60.40%	39.60%	PASSED
NC	Senate Bill 1080	Income Tax Reduction Amendment	LRCA	Fiscal Policy	Oppose	61.90%	38.10%	PASSED
ND	Constitutional Measure 1	60% Voter Approval Requirement for Constitutional Amendments	LRCA	Direct Democracy	Oppose	43.50%	56.50%	FAILED
ND	Constitutional Measure 2	North Dakota Free School Meals Initiative	Statutory Initiative	Economic Justice/Labor	Support	49.40%	50.60%	FAILED
NE	Constitutional Amendment 1	Change legislative term limits to three consecutive terms	LRCA	Democracy	Neutral	19.00%	81.00%	FAILED
NE	Initiative Measure 440	Online Sports Wagering Authorization Constitutional Amendment	Constitutional Amendment	Other	Neutral	45.00%	55.00%	FAILED
NE	Initiative Measure 441	Online Sports Wagering Regulation Initiative	Statutory Initiative	Other	Neutral	46.00%	54.00%	FAILED
NE	Initiative Measure 442	Anti-Trans Sports Ban	Constitutional Amendment	Civil Rights	Oppose	68.00%	32.00%	PASSED
NH	Question 1	Abolish Office of Register of Probate Amendment	LRCA	Democracy	Neutral	64.70%	35.30%	PASSED
NM	Constitutional Amendment 1	Eliminate Pocket Vetoes	LRCA	Democracy	Neutral	75.00%	25.00%	PASSED
NM	Constitutional Amendment 2	Repeal Separate Election Requirement for School Election Dates Amendment	LRCA	Democracy	Neutral	65.00%	35.00%	PASSED
NM	Constitutional Amendment 3	Board of Regents Nominating Committees Amendment	LRCA	Democracy	Neutral	70.00%	30.00%	PASSED
NM	Constitutional Amendment 4	Establish Salary for State Legislators Amendment	LRCA	Democracy	Support	63.00%	37.00%	PASSED
NM	Bond Question 1	Senior Citizen Facilities Bond Issue	Bond Issue	Fiscal Policy	Support	70.00%	30.00%	PASSED
NM	Bond Question 2	Library Acquisition Bond Issue	Bond Issue	Fiscal Policy	Support	66.00%	34.00%	PASSED
NM	Bond Question 3	Higher Education Improvements Bond Issue	Bond Issue	Fiscal Policy	Support	64.00%	36.00%	PASSED
NV	Question 7	Require Voter Identification Initiative	Constitutional Amendment	Democracy	Oppose	62.29%	37.71%	PASSED
NV	Question 6	Reproductive Freedom Amendment	Constitutional Amendment	Reproductive Rights	Support	63.33%	36.67%	PASSED
OH	Issue 3	Require Voter Identification Amendment	LRCA	Democracy	Oppose	65.30%	35%	PASSED
OK	State Question 845	Judicial Nominating Commission	LRCA	Democracy	Oppose	27.40%	72.6%	FAILED
OK	State Question 847	Reduce Annual Growth Limit of Fair Cash Value of Property Amendment	LRCA	Fiscal Policy	Oppose	45.70%	54.30%	FAILED
RI	Question 1	Higher Education Facilities Bond	Bond Issue	Fiscal Policy	Neutral	59.80%	40.2%	PASSED
RI	Question 2	Housing Development Bond	Bond Issue	Fiscal Policy	Support	61.30%	38.70%	PASSED
RI	Question 3	Economic and Infrastructure Development Bond	Bond Issue	Fiscal Policy	Neutral	52.40%	47.60%	PASSED
RI	Question 4	Historical Center and Cultural Grants Bond	Bond Issue	Fiscal Policy	Neutral	52.40%	47.60%	TOO EARLY TO TELL
RI	Question 5	Green Economy and Clean Energy Bonds	Bond Issue	Fiscal Policy	Neutral	67.00%	33.00%	PASSED
SD	Amendment I	Medicaid Expansion Conditioned on 90% Federal Funding	LRCA	Healthcare	Neutral	44.00%	56.00%	FAILED
SD	Amendment J	Citizenship Voting Requirement	LRCA	Democracy	Oppose	62.00%	38.00%	PASSED
SD	Amendment K	Creation of Unclaimed Property Trust Fund	LRCA	Fiscal Policy	Neutral	61.00%	39.00%	PASSED
TN	Amendment 1	Remove Right to Bail for Certain Criminal Offenses	LRCA	Criminal Legal	Oppose	67.14%	32.86%	PASSED
TN	Amendment 2	Prohibit State Property Taxes	LRCA	Fiscal Policy	Oppose	66.74%	33.26%	PASSED
TN	Amendment 3	Marsy's Law Crime Victims Rights	LRCA	Criminal Legal	Oppose	76.06%	23.94%	PASSED
UT	Amendment A	Publication Requirements for Constitutional Amendments	LRCA	Direct Democracy	Neutral	60.20%	39.80%	PASSED
UT	Amendment B	Supermajority Requirement for Tax-Related Citizen Initiatives	LRCA	Direct Democracy	Oppose	37.70%	62.30%	FAILED
VA	Question 1	Right to Reproductive Freedom	LRCA	Reproductive Rights	Support	61.98%	38.02%	PASSED
VA	Question 2	The Marriage Equality Amendment	LRCA	Civil Rights	Support	57.06%	42.94%	PASSED
VA	Question 3	Voting Rights Restoration Amendment	LRCA	Democracy	Support	56.72%	43.28%	PASSED
VT	Proposal 3	Right to Collectively Bargain	LRCA	Economic Justice/Labor	Support	55.41%	44.59%	PASSED
VT	Proposal 4	Equality of Rights	LRCA	Civil Rights	Support	79.10%	20.90%	PASSED
WA	IL26-001	Harming Child Abuse Victims	ISI	Education	Oppose	47.90%	52.10%	FAILED
WA	IL26-638	Invasive Genital Exams on Girls	ISI	Civil Rights	Oppose	56.60%	43.40%	PASSED
WA	IP26-645	Millionaire Income Tax Repeal	Statutory Initiative	Fiscal Policy	Oppose	41.10%	57.90%	FAILED
WI	Question 2	Prohibit the Closing of Places of Worship During State of Emergency	LRCA	Civil Rights	Neutral	52.00%	48.00%	FAILED
WI	Question 3	Prohibit Discrimination by a Governmental Entity	LRCA	Civil Rights	Oppose	56.40%	43.60%	PASSED
WI	Question 1	Prohibit Partial Veto to Increase Tax or Fee	LRCA	Fiscal Policy	Neutral	50.70%	49.30%	PASSED
WV	Amendment 1	Citizenship Voting Requirement	LRCA	Democracy	Oppose	79.50%	20.50%	PASSED
WY	Initiative 1	Property Tax Cut Initiative	Statutory Initiative	Fiscal Policy	Oppose	41.90%	55.00%	FAILED

Direct Democracy Across the Country

Initiated Statutes and Amendments

Initiated Amendments Only

Initiated Statutes Only